Adaptation: The way in which a species or feature can change to better suit new conditions.

Adaptation measures: Changes in management or other interventions to assist feature persistence.

Adaptive capacity: The ability of a feature to adapt to changing conditions. This includes potential human interventions to assist the feature.

Assemblage: The species community typical of a certain habitat.

Below ground workings: Mines and associated features that are below the ground, as opposed to surface workings, which include quarries and pits.

Calaminarian grassland: A type of grassland that develops on nutrient-poor soils with high levels of toxic heavy metals, such as zinc, lead, chromium and copper.

Climate space: The area in which conditions are suitable for a particular species to live. This can move as conditions change.

Community: The different species living together in an ecosystem.

Community composition: The mix of species within a community.

Exposure: The environmental variables a feature may be exposed to as climate conditions change. These are grouped into five categories: atmospheric pollution, temperature, precipitation, extreme events, and sea level.

Eutrophication: Enrichment of a habitat (particularly aquatic) with nutrients, leading to issues such as algal blooms.

Feature: An important quality of the PDNP, ranging from individual species to landscape scale habitats.

Fitness: The ability of an individual plant or animal to survive and reproduce.

Iron pan (soil): An impermeable iron rich layer found in some podzols. This can cause the soil above to become waterlogged, but is also at greater risk of drying out due to its shallow nature.

Leaching: The process of high levels of precipitation moving organic matter and soluble minerals further down in the soil. This leaves the leached layers deficient in those compounds.

National Character Area (NCA): An area defined by Natural England that follows natural boundaries, taking into account landscape, biodiversity, geodiversity, history, and cultural and economic activity. There are 159 NCAs in England.

Nutrient flushing: The rapid movement of nutrients via water from one site to another. Can leave some areas nutrient poor in periods of heavy rainfall.

Phenology: The timing of biological events that are often related to climate. For example, flowering in plants and migration or reproduction in animals.

Photoinhibition: The decrease in photochemical efficiency experienced in response to intense illumination due to radiation damages.

Podzol: A soil type found in moorland characterised by leaching of organic matter and soluble minerals into lower soil layers. This results in a bleached layer overlying a mineral rich layer.

Precipitation: Any water that falls from the sky. This includes rain, hail, sleet, and snow.

Productivity: The rate of biomass creation of a species or habitat e.g. how much growth occurs in a given period.

Resilience: The ability of a feature to persist as conditions change.

Sensitivity: The degree to which a feature is influenced positively or negatively by the exposure. This considers a feature’s response to changing environmental conditions.

Shelterbelt: A row of plants, generally trees or shrubs, that provides protection from wind to the adjacent land.

Soil poaching: The changes to soil structure that occur when compacted, for example under the weight of heavy animals or vehicles. Disturbance and opening up of bare ground will also occur.

Special quality: Special qualities define what is distinctive and significant about each national park. There are seven special qualities of the PDNP: (1) Beautiful views created by contrasting landscapes and dramatic geology, (2) Internationally important and locally distinctive wildlife and habitats, (3) Undeveloped places of tranquillity and dark night skies within reach of millions, (4) Landscapes that tell a story of thousands of years of people, farming and industry, (5) Characteristic settlements with strong communities and traditions, (6) An inspiring space for escape, adventure, discovery and quiet reflection, and (7) Vital benefits for millions of people that flow beyond the landscape boundary.

Succession: The natural process of one habitat type giving way to another e.g. grassland -> scrubland -> woodland.

Theme: A broad theme within this report that groups similar feature groups together. The seven themes are: (1) built environment, (2) communities, (3) cultural landscapes, (4) geology, geomorphology and soils, (5) habitats, (6) water, and (7) wildlife.

Vernalisation: The process by which cold winter conditions trigger plant development. Prolonged cold can trigger the germination of seeds and flowering of certain plants in the spring.

Vulnerability: The extent to which a feature is susceptible to damage from climate change. This is calculated based on the potential impact (exposure and sensitivity) and the adaptive capacity of the feature.

Acronyms

CAP Common Agricultural Policy

CHEGD group Clavaroids (club and coral fungi), Hygrocybe spp. (waxcaps), Entoloma spp. (pinkgills), Geoglossum and related genera (earthtongues), and Dermoloma spp. (as well as Porpoloma and Camarophyllopsis spp.

CROW The Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000

DEFRA Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

DfT Department for Transport

ELMS Environmental Land Management Scheme

JNCC Joint Nature Conservation Committee

NCA National Character Area

NERC Natural Environment Research Council

NERC Act 2006 Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006

NGO Non-Governmental Organisation

NMP National Mapping Programme

NPMP National Park Management Plan

NVC National Vegetation Classification

PDNP Peak District National Park

PDNPA Peak District National Park Authority

PDMHS Peak District Mines Historical Society

RHS Royal Horticultural Society

RSPB The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds

SAC Special Area of Conservation

SHINE Selected Heritage Inventory for Natural England

SPA Special Protection Area

SSSI Site of Special Scientific Interest

UK BAP UK Biodiversity Action Plan